The most difficult ethical challenge you face may come from competing personal values. The answers to ethical issues are not always black and white. When faced with a situation, we must really think about the complexities of the situation, our personal values, cognitive bias, and the societal norms that impact moral disengagement. This process starts with a fundamental understanding of our personal values.
Terminal values are the ‘end result’ values that indicate what you want your life to ultimately be about when your time on earth is over. These indicate a desired end-state. Instrumental values are what we traditionally discuss in relation to moral and ethical behavior. Instrumental values moderate our daily behavior, based on associated consequences. Acting on our instrumental values leads to achievement of terminal values. In preparation for a discussion about our personal values, please complete the Rokeach Value Survey.
Below is the Rokeach Value Survey [DOC file size 13.2 KB], which lists 18 terminal values and 18 instrumental values. In preparation for this discussion:
- Rank (prioritize) the terminal values most important to you from “1” to the least important at “18”.
- Rank (prioritize) the instrumental values most important to you from “1” to the least important at “18”.
- Identify your top five guiding values (terminal and instrumental) on each list.
A World at Peace
Family Security
Freedom
Equality
Self-Respect
Happiness
Wisdom
National Security
Salvation
True Friendship
A Sense of Accomplishment
Inner Harmony
A Comfortable Life
Mature Love
A World of Beauty
Pleasure
Social Recognition
An Exciting Life
Ambitious
Broadminded
Capable
Cheerful
Clean
Courageous
Forgiving
Helpful
Honest
Imaginative
Independent
Intellectual
Logical
Loving
Obedient
Polite
Responsible
Self-Controlled
More detailed description of each value can be found in this pdf: Values- A necessary but neglected ingredient of motivation on the job. [PDF file size 6.7 MB]
For your discussion:
- Identify your five guiding values and explain why those values are a priority for you.
Note: We often better understand the importance of our own values when we can clearly articulate why these are important to us.
- Explain your use of these five values in your day-to-day decision making. Do these values guide your decisions or do you have a challenge in applying them? If you are experiencing a conflict with someone at work or in your personal life, what role might differing values have in that conflict? Do these values provide insight into your career? Why or why not?
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